![]() ![]() This pandemic disrupts the lives of people across the world due to its rapid spread, high mortality rate, the toll on health care systems, and devastating economic impact ( Callaway et al., 2020). We are now amidst a current global pandemic declared March 11, 2020, that started in Hubei province of China in late December 2019 and in Europe in February 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of probable Pangolin origin ( Zhang et al., 2020) with the potential to cause severe respiratory tract infection among infected humans ( Chen et al., 2020) and is commonly transmitted from person to person via aerosol and droplet contamination. Possibilities for preventive and therapeutic interventions that can help both health care personnel and the general population are also discussed.ĬO stands for corona, VI for virus, D for disease, and 19 designates the year it was discovered. Considering the nature of fear and anxiety, combined with the characteristics of the present COVID-19 situation, we contemplate that physicians and other health care workers of several specialties, as well as police officers, fire-fighters, and rescue personnel, and first responders might be more able to deal with COVID-19 if they have (a) some tolerance of the unknown, (b) low illness anxiety disorder, (c) tolerance to social isolation (d) low levels of disgust sensitivity (e) be granted financial support, (f) have priority if needed medical assistance (g) use caution relatively to the COVID-19 media coverage and (h) be trained to have high levels of efficacy. ![]() We categorized the papers into six groups based on the content and implications: fear of the unknown, social isolation, hypochondriasis, disgust, information-driven fears, and compliance. We conducted a literature search on in Google Scholar, PsychInfo, and PubMed with search terms related to COVID-19 fears and found 28 relevant articles. But this particular threat (COVID-19) is useable and mysterious, triggering anxieties much more than fear. Defensive behaviors are triggered by activity in survival circuits that detects imminent threats and fear is the conscious emotion of that follows immediately. 4Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, HungaryĮmergencies that occur during natural disasters, such as avalanches, earthquakes, and floods, tend to be sudden, unexpected, and ephemeral and recruit defensive responses, similar to the ones recruited when faced with dangerous animals.3Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.2School of Health of Porto Polytechnic, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Lab, Center for Rehabilitation Research, Porto, Portugal.1School of Psychology, ISMAI University Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal.Coelho 1,2,3 *, Panrapee Suttiwan 3, Nikolett Arato 4 and Andras N. ![]()
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